Bothrops jararaca venom induces modification of extracellular vesicles in muscle and kidney cells.

Snakes, particularly Bothrops jararaca, are a leading cause of venomous animal accidents in Brazil. Envenomation symptoms include inflammation, hemostatic disorders, renal failure, and death. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are structures released by cells during physiological and pathological processes, which can transport molecules, including proteins, during intercellular communication. This study hypothesizes that venom can modulate the production of EVs by the affected tissues, and these EVs may play a role in the progression of envenomation.