Nature-based solutions for adapting to local climate change: Evidence from Brazilian cities

We investigate how local governments have internalized Nature-based Solutions (NBS) aimed at adapting to the impacts of climate change in their urban planning, from a multi-agent and multi-level perspective of governance.
We analyze two cities in the State of São Paulo - Santos and Campinas, based on a set of official government documents on NBS strategies and semi-structured interviews with technical staff of municipal and state governments (2019-2021).
Results showed that NBS are integrated into municipal urban development and are driven by the participation of local governments in cooperation networks and international cooperation. NBS have transformative social impact contributing to social innovation in cities.