Enhancing Computational Modelling of Atmospheric Boundary Layers: Sustaining Realistic Turbulence and Wind Profiles

This work proposes the Gradient-Based Thermal Stratification Model (GBTSM), a new formulation for the Ce3 coefficient in the k–ε model, based on the temperature gradient, to preserve horizontal homogeneity of the atmospheric boundary layer under stable, neutral, and unstable conditions. Implemented in OpenFOAM and consistent with Monin–Obukhov similarity theory, the model significantly reduced turbulent kinetic energy deviations compared with the standard formulation while maintaining realistic velocity, temperature, and dissipation profiles along the domain.