The Metal Multiverse: From Monometallic to Heteronuclear Complexes in Cancer and Antimicrobial Therapy

Cancer remains one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide, highlighting the need for more effective and less toxic anticancer therapies. Our research focuses on phosphine-containing Ru(II), Ir(III), Os(II), and Cu(I) complexes as potential anticancer agents. Building on our previous studies of homonuclear complexes and heteronuclear Ru(II)–M, Ir(III)–M and Cu(I)–M (M = Cu(II) or Mn(II)) systems with enhanced anticancer activity, we design new transition metal complexes with improved therapeutic potential. Their biological activity is evaluated in vitro using cancer and drug-resistant cell lines and in vivo in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) model to assess toxicity, bioaccumulation, biodistribution, and antitumor efficacy. We also investigate complex stability, intracellular distribution, and molecular mechanisms of action.