Lanthanide-doped NaBiF4 nanoplatforms for multimodal theranostics: synthesis, luminescence, and in situ synchrotron characterization

Lanthanide-doped NaBiF₄ nanoparticles were synthesized as multifunctional luminescent platforms for grade IV glioblastoma. Unlike conventional rare-earth fluorides, NaBiF₄ can be prepared under ambient conditions by simple chemical precipitation. XRD confirmed phase formation, while TEM revealed particles of approximately 200 nm. Er³⁺/Yb³⁺-doped nanoparticles exhibited upconversion emission under 980 nm excitation. To investigate nanoparticle formation and optical properties, the synthesis was adapted to a microfluidic reactor coupled with synchrotron-based in situ XRD, XRF, XANES and XEOL. Biological tests are in progress.