Worldwide it is estimated that 2.5 million tons of synthetic pesticides are used in agriculture each year to protect food and commercial product. Notwithstanding, it also increases environmental pollution and cause significative damage to non-target organisms. Essential oils may be promising alternatives to the usage of synthetic pesticides once they are selective, biodegradable and less toxic to non-target organisms. Indeed, the use of nanotechnology holds great promise for the use of essential oils in agriculture by offering protection against degradation coupled with a controlled release. This fact apart, only few reports are available on the use of the nanotechnology associated with essential oils applied in agriculture.Notably, the essential oils of Zanthoxylum riedelianum and Zanthoxylum rhoifolium showed insecticidal effect against Bemisia tabaci (whitefly). Thus, the objective of this study was to prepare and characterize nanospheres of essential oils of Z. rhoifolium and Z. riedelianum fruits. The formulation used in the preparation of nanospheres of both species consisted of 150 mg of poly-Ɛ- caprolactone(PCL), 50 mg of Span 60, 10 ml of acetone, 50 mg of Tween 80, 20 mL of distilled water and different concentration (50, 100 or 250 mg) of essential oils. The solvent displacement method was used to efficiently produce nanospheres with an encapsulation efficiency above 85% for Z. rhoifolium and of 90% for Z. riedelianum. The particle diameters obtained were on the nanometer scale ranging from 206.4 to 452.8 nm. The essential oil-containing nanospheres of the fruits of both species presented pH between 4 and 7, with zeta potential near -30 mV. The formulations of PCL nanospheres containing essential oils of Z. rhoifolium and Z. riedelianum have potential to play an active role in future in agricultural pests control. Better scientific understanding coupled with effective control programs should greatly reduce the usage and damage currently caused by pesticide application.