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Metabolic and sprouting changes in cape gooseberry (Physalis peruviana L.) seedlings germinated under different conditions.

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Colombia is the main producer of Physalis peruviana, a wild-type plant well-known for its multiple consumption practices and medicinal properties. It is usually cultivated in soils that have been affected by excessive fertilization, mainly in the Cundinamarca department-Colombia. Their seeds are traditionally germinated in fermentation or aqueous solution with plant ash. However, there is a growing interest in the tolerance of seeds to saline soils. The present study therefore determined metabolomic differences in seedlings under greenhouse conditions, whose seeds were germinated in fermentation, solution with plant ash, saline solution, a commercial sample and control. After 5 weeks, the highest germination percentage was obtained in ash-treated seeds (93.3%) followed by control (84.4%), fermented seeds (72.2%), commercial (11,11 %) and finally those mixed to saline solution (2.22%). Thus, five seedlings of each treatment were taken at stage 11 (BBCH scale) and then subjected to ethanolic maceration to obtain the crude extract by concentration under reduced pressure. A 2.5 mg/mL solution was later prepared from each resulting extract to be analyzed by HPLC-ESI-MS. Outstanding metabolites were then annotated using mass spectra data in comparison to databases. By means of descriptive statistical analysis and multivariate analysis, a difference in the presence and quantity of secondary metabolites between the treatments was therefore found. The ash dispersion seems to trigger a biochemical/physiological response promoting seed germination and involving a differential metabolic induction.