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In vitro Anti-inflammatory and Wound Healing Activity of a Vegetable Oil Blend

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Background: Vegetable oils are well known for their beneficial health effects specially in cutaneous skin offering a natural barrier against microorganisms, preventing oxidative damage, tissue dehydration, enhancing reepithelization and improving scar healing [1,2]. Objective: To investigate the in vitro benefits for cutaneous wound healing of a vegetable oil blend (VOB) and determine its chemical composition. Methodology: A standard blend of six vegetable oils including sunflower oil, olive oil, blackcurrant oil, flaxseed oil, rosehip oil and macadamia oil was prepared and its fatty acid profile was determined using gas chromatography. The in vitro wound healing potential was determined by its capability to stimulate fibroblast proliferation and migration using the scratch assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied in lipopolysaccharide stimulated murine macrophages RAW 264.7 cells (24 h incubation) investigating its influence on the production of nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 6 (IL-6). The antioxidant activity was determined by the2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and the NO scavenging assays. The antimicrobial activity was tested in the microdilution method. Results: The VOB showed dose-dependent stimulatory activity on fibroblast migration and proliferation in vitro with a significant increase in the total number of cells at the concentration of 100 μg/mL (49.2 ± 5.1%) compared to the control group (6.2 ± 1.9%). The main fatty acids determined in VOB were oleic (18: 1n-9), linoleic (18: 2n-6) and linolenic (18: 3n-6) fatty acids. The antioxidant activity was evidenced by the FRAP test presenting IR50 233.7 ± 1.4 μg/mL. In the macrophages culture, VOB demonstrated a significant reduction of NO and superoxide anion production at concentrations of 100 and 200 μg/mL compared to the control group and modulate the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6. Moderate antibacterial activity for S. aureus (MIC of 2000 μg/mL). Conclusion: In vitro results demonstrated that VOB has a stimulatory activity on the migration and proliferation of fibroblasts, antioxidant activity, moderate antibacterial activity and a potential modulatory effect of the inflammatory response. The observed effects can be explained, in part, by the presence of polyunsaturated fatty acids in their composition.