Nature’s chemical abounding chemical diversity has stimulated studies in chemistry and biology over the last century. Our research group focuses on understanding the causes and consequences of natural products diversity through studies in natural products discovery, new reaction development, and chemical ecology. The discussion discussion will focus on our large-scale studies in chemical ecology, which have led to the discovery of a number of new natural products, new reactions, and have shed light on the impact of plant secondary metabolite diversity and its variation on associated insect communities.