Cryptococcus spp. is an environmental fungus that may affect animals and humans worldwide. Infection normally occurs by the inhalation of basidiospores with consequent respiratory disease and dissemination to the skin, subcutis and central nervous system. Cryptococcosis can be caused by two species of the genus Cryptococcus – C. neoformans and C. gattii. The C. neoformans are subdivided in two varieties – C. neoformans var. neoformans and C. neoformans var. grubii – with different pathogenicity, antimicrobial susceptibility, and geographical distribution patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of a respiratory syndrome observed in a cat. A, 2-years old, male mongrel cat with respiratory signs (serosanguinous nasal discharge, dyspnea and sneezing) and cutaneous lesions was treated for the feline respiratory complex and notoedric mange at the Veterinary Hospital, Universidade Estadual de Londrina. One month later the cat returned with worsening of the respiratory syndrome and with an enlarged nostril and blood oozing from the nose. A cytological evaluation revealed a pyogranulomatous inflammatory process associated fungal organisms consistent with members of the Cryptococcus complex. The cat was placed on antifungal therapy for 10 days, after which he returned with enlargement of the nose mass and areas of alopecia; a nasal swab was collected and submitted for molecular diagnosis. Genomic fungal DNA was extracted from the nasal swabs and then used in a PCR assay designed to amplify ITS1 and 2 region of fungus. The PCR product was sequenced and then compared with similar organisms deposited in GenBank. The PCR assay amplified the ITS regions of fungi; direct sequencing, BLAST and phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that the cryptococcal organisms associated with the nasal lesion was C. neoformans var. grubii. Molecular diagnostics were fundamental to characterize the fungal pathogen in this case, which represents one of the few confirmed diagnoses of feline cryptococcosis in Brazil. Although, feline cryptococcosis has been frequently diagnosed worldwide, few cases have been associated with C. neoformans var. grubii.