DETECTION OF MULTIRRESISTANT BACTERIA IN DIFFERENT HOSPITAL ENVIRONMENTS IN VETERINARY MEDICINE

Reports of the exponential increase in bacterial resistance to available antimicrobials have a profound impact mainly in the hospital context. This study aimed to monitor the presence of multiresistant bacteria of importance in public health at the Veterinary Hospital of the Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Estadual de Maringá – Campus Regional de Umuarama. Samples were collected by surface swabs from fifteen environments in March 2017 and made the isolation and identification of Staphylococcus spp., Enterococcus spp. and Gram-negative bacteria. For isolation of staphylococci the swabs were inoculated in TSB broth with 7.5% NaCl followed by screen agar inoculation with 6 μg/mL of oxacillin and submission to the identification and antibiogram tests. For enterococci the inoculation of swabs was made in Enterococosel broth, sowing in nutrient agar and submission to the identification and antibiogram tests. For the isolation of Gram-negative bacteria the swabs were inoculated in TSB broth with 1 μg/mL of meropenem followed by sowing in MacConkey and nutrient agar and submission to the identification and antibiogram tests. The bacterial strains studied were isolated in 73.33% (11/15) of the environments, with Enterococcus spp. found in 46.66% of the environments, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. (MRS) in 53.33% and Gram-negative bacteria carbapenemase producer in 33.33%. Four phenotypic resistance groups of Enterococcus spp. were identified, being the most prevalent and also with higher resistance (87%) found in three environments. All the enterococci were biofilm producers, sensitive to vancomycin and the high resistance to gentamicin was found in 85.71% of the strains. Seven strains were identified as Meticillin-Resistant Staphylococcus intermedius group (MRSIG) and four phenotypic resistance groups were identified. The most prevalent phenotypic group of MRSIG was identified in the same environments as the enterococci group. Resistance ranged from 58 to 84% and all strains were biofilm producers. There were 7 Gram-negative bacteria metallo-beta-lactamase producers, 5 Acinetobacter baumannii being classified into three phenotypic groups (62 to 94% of resistance); a Burkholderia cepacia and a Pseudomonas fluorescens. All were not biofilm producers. A strain of Burkholderia pseudomallei was characterized as a porin-deficient mutant or OXA-48 producer, this strain was resistant to all antimicrobials tested and was considered a biofilm producer.