Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Different Full-Spectrum Phytocannabinoid Oils in Mouse Models of Pain

Introduction: Phytocannabinoids may modulate pain and inflammation through the endocannabinoid system [1]. Full-spectrum preparations contain multiple phytocannabinoids and may produce composition-dependent pharmacological effects [2]. This study evaluated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of five full-spectrum oils in mouse models of acute and persistent pain. Materials and Methods: Adult male and female Swiss mice received oral extracts (10, 20 or 30 mg/kg) 1 h before testing. Antinociception was assessed by hot plate, capsaicin and formalin tests, and locomotor activity by open field. Persistent inflammatory pain was induced by intraplantar CFA (20 μL), with mechanical hypersensitivity and paw oedema monitored for 15 days using von Frey filaments and paw thickness. In the CFA model, n=10 animals/sex were evaluated; other behavioural experiments used n=8 animals/group. Results: At 10 mg/kg, CBD significantly reduced capsaicin-induced nociception by 54% and increased hot plate latency by 40%, comparable to morphine. At 30 mg/kg, THC, CBD/THC, CBD and THCV/THC reduced capsaicin-induced nociception by 40–50% (p<0.05). Formalin responses were not significantly altered at 10 or 20 mg/kg. No locomotor impairment was observed. In the CFA model, THC, CBD and CBD/THC (10 mg/kg) significantly reduced mechanical hyperalgesia in both sexes, with greater effects in females [3]. Conclusions: Full-spectrum phytocannabinoid oils showed dose- and composition-dependent antinociceptive effects. CBD was effective at a lower dose, while several formulations were active at 30 mg/kg. THC, CBD and CBD/THC also reduced persistent inflammatory pain, with sex-dependent differences.

References:

1. Pharmacol Rev (2024) 76:487.
2. Med Cannabis Cannabinoids (2025) 8:31.
3. Neurosci Biobehav Rev (2024) 163:105749.