Determinação simultânea de paracetamol e ciprofloxacina em amostras de fluidos biológicos utilizando eletrodo de carbono vítreo modificado com óxido de grafeno e nanopartículas de óxido de níquel

In this work, a simple and highly selective electrochemical method was developed using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with graphene oxide (GO) and nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) for the simultaneous detection of paracetamol (PAR) and ciprofloxacin (CIP). The sensor was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The electrochemical behaviour of the drugs were investigated by CV and square wave voltammetry (SWV) under optimized conditions. The simultaneous determination of PAR and CIP using the NiONPs-GO-CTS-EPH/GCE sensor were carried out by and presented a linear concentration range from 0.10 to 2.9 μmol L−1 and 0.040 to 0.97 μmol L−1 with a detection limit of 6.7 and 6.0 nmol L−1, respectively. The developed sensor showed good reproducibility, repeatibility and stability. Moreover, the proposed method was successfully applied in the simultaneous determination of these analytes in samples of synthetic biological fluids 1,2 (human serum and urine).