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Análise quantitativa de pressões antrópicas nas zonas de amortecimento das áreas protegidas do município de São Félix do Xingu, Pará

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Buffer zones around protected areas in the Amazon region can help to avoid anthropic actions. In December 2010, however, the width of these buffer zones was officially reduced from 10 km to 3 km. In order to determine the potential impacts of this decrease in terms of anthropic pressure, we compared the occurrence of heat and deforestation focus in the new (3 km) and former (10 km) buffer zones of protected areas within the municipality of São Félix do Xingu, located in the eastern Brazilian Amazon, between 2007 and 2015. In general, the 10-km buffer zone was more exposed to anthropic pressures. The density of heat focus in the 10-km buffer (0.00065 focus/ha) was significantly higher than in the 3-km buffer (0.00054 focus/ha). Additionally, the proportion of deforested area (9%) in the 10-km buffer was also higher than in the 3-km buffer during the 2007-2015 period. No significant difference was observed between the occurrence of heat focus in the 2007-2010 period (before the change in the buffer width) and in the 2011-2015 period, both in the 3 and in the 10 km-buffer areas. In addition, in the two buffer areas, deforestation was significantly higher (p <0.05) in the period prior to the change in the buffer width. These findings suggest that the buffer width change did not affect the incidence and distribution of fire and deforestation, and that these disturbances followed the trends generally observed in other areas in the municipality and in the Amazon during the study period.