GC-MS based metabolomics and multivariate statistical analysis of six Asteraceae native of Risaralda- Colombia for the identification of potential antioxidant and anti-α-glucosidase proprieties

In this study, we conduct a metabolite profiling using gas chromatographic coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in Pentacalia americana, Bacharis sp, Calea angosturana, Mikania leiostachya, Mikania lloensis, Critoniella acuminata plants from Asteraceae family that are widely distributed in the Andean region in Colombia. Risaralda is located in the center of the coffee triangle region and has several native species and evaluated the antioxidant activity (FRAP) and antidiabetic activity (α- glucosidase inhibition).
The total antioxidant potential of the sample was determined using a ferric reducing ability of plasma FRAP assay [1]. The inhibition of α-glucosidase activity was determined using the modified method [2]. The GC-MS method analysis was coupled from [3]. The untargeted data treatment was made in R-Software using unsupervised (HCA, PCA) and supervised (PLS-DA), in order to characterize the potential metabolites and found the relationship between species.
The most active extracts were Pentacalia americana an Mikania leiostachya and the unsupervised analysis shown the metabolite relationship between three groups: Mikania leiostachya and Pentacalia americana, Calea angosturana and Bacharis sp and, Mikania lloensis and, Critoniella acuminata. The PLS-DA analysis indicated the more representative metabolites explaining the variation in the groups and fourteen metabolites were identified. With the results of this work, the presence of hydroxynamic acid derivatives is highlighted, which are known to present the antioxidant potential [4,5].
It was possible to identify 52 metabolites belonging to species of the Asteraceae family native of Risaralda, Colombia were identified by spectral and retention index comparison in NIST and GMDB but 14 were differentials in the supervised analysis. Additionally, it was possible to determine the biological potential of these species as antioxidants and inhibitors of the enzyme α-glucosidase.
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Financial support: The project (Code: BPIN 201200010050) funded by general royalty’s system of the Government of Colombia.